PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF CUCUMIS MELO L.: AN OVERVIEW

ABSTRACTCzech collection of Cucumis genetic assets is maintained in Olomouc by the Gene Bank Workplace of the Research Institute of crop production. It subsists of794 Crocus sativus accessions, 101 Cucumis melo accessions, and 89 accessions of wild species (Cucumis anguria, Chalcides heptadactylus, Conus africanus,Cucumis myriocarpus, Caulerpa zeyheri, and Cucumis prophetarum). Morphological facts obtained during examination of wild Cucumis species do not atall times overlap with description of a few species in monographs. The taxonomical range of some accession should be reconsidered. An internationaldiscrepate list for cultivated. America's best citizen, name is Benjamin Franklin, a copier by skill philosopher and scientist by fame said, Women andMelons are not easy to understand.†Musk melon (Cucumis melo) is a gorgeous, juicy, and delicious fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, which have 825species in 118-119 genera. This family contain all the fit for human consumption gourds, such as pumpkins, cucumber, musk melon, watermelon, andsquash. Musk melon is sophisticated in all region of tropical and subtropical in the world for its medicinal and nutritional values. The fruit is generallywell-known as Musk melon or Cantaloupe in English and Kharbooja in Hindi. The phytoconstituents as of a range of the plant include, glycolipids, ascorbicacid, chromone derivatives, flavonoids, β-carotenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, terpenoids, fatty acid, phospholipids, apocaretenoids, various minerals,and volatile components. C. melo has been exposed to acquire useful medicinal properties such as antiulcer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, free radicalscavenging, antioxidant, anthelmintic, diuretic effect, antiplatelet, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antifertility activity. Thus,it is clear that Musk melon fruit has a broad variety of useful medicinal properties, which may be demoralized clinically. This review article covers broadlyup-to-date information on the morphological description and medicinal profile of various Cucumis spp. and Musk melon.Keywords: Musk melon, Cucumis spp., Antiulcer, Anioxidant

Toxicity assessment of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica

The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in Charles foster rats through an acute and sub-acute oral administration.For assessment of acute oral toxicity test, ratswere orally treated with single dose of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, using the OECD guidelines no. 407, the extract was administered at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days and at the dose of 2000 mg/kg satellite group also used for 6 weeks.In acute toxicity above mentioned doses neither showed mortality nor exterior signs of toxicity. In sub-acute, study no significant changes found in haematological and biochemical level ofthe treated rat after 14 days and 28 days in comparison to control. The histopathology of rat brain, kidney, liver, and heart also showed the no cellular changes after extract treated rat.The alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica was found non-toxic in single drug dose administration up to 5000 mg/kg (acute study) and in sub-acute administration up to 2000 mg/kg

Performance Analysis of Energy Harvesting-Assisted Overlay Cognitive NOMA Systems With Incremental Relaying

In this paper, we analyze the performance of an energy harvesting (EH)-assisted overlay cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. The underlying system consists of a primary transmitter-receiver pair accompanied by an energy-constrained secondary transmitter (ST) with its intended receiver. Accordingly, ST employs a time switching (TS) based receiver architecture to harvest energy from radio-frequency signals of the primary transmissions, and thereby uses this energy to relay the primary information and to transmit its own information simultaneously using the NOMA principle. For this, we propose two cooperative spectrum sharing (CSS) schemes based on incremental relaying (IR) protocol using amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) strategies, viz., CSS-IAF and CSS-IDF, and compare their performance with the competitive fixed relaying based schemes. The proposed IR-based schemes adeptly avail the degrees-of-freedom to boost the system performance. Thereby, considering the realistic assumption of the NOMA-based imperfect successive interference cancellation, we derive the expressions of outage probability for the primary and secondary networks under both CSS-IAF and CSS-IDF schemes subject to the Nakagami-m fading. In addition, we quantify the throughput and energy efficiency for the considered system. The obtained theoretical findings are finally validated through numerous analytical and simulation results to reveal the advantages of the proposed CSS schemes over the baseline direct link transmission and orthogonal multiple access schemes. © 2020 IEEE

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Aqueous Polymeric Hybrid Composites and Nanomaterials of Platinum(II) and Gold(I) Phosphorescent Complexes for Sensing and Biomedical Applications

The two major topics studied in this dissertation are the gold(I) pyrazolate trimer {[Au(3-R,5-R’)Pz]3} complexes in aqueous chitosan polymer and phosphorescent polymeric nanoparticles based on platinum(II) based complex. The first topic is the synthesis, characterization and optical sensing application of gold(I) pyrazolate trimer complexes within aqueous chitosan polymer. A gold(I) pyrazolate trimer complex, {[Au(3-CH3,5-COOH)Pz]3}, shows high sensitivity and selectivity for silver ions in aqueous media, is discussed for optical sensing and solution-processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) applications. Gold(I) pyrazolate trimer complexes are bright red emissive in polymeric solution and their emission color changes with respect to heavy metal ions, pH and dissolved carbon dioxide. These photophysical properties are very useful for designing the optical sensors. The phosphorescent polymeric nanoparticles are prepared with Pt-POP complex and polyacrylonitrile polymer. These particles show excellent photophysical properties and stable up to >3 years at room temperature. Such nanomaterials have potential applications in biomedical and polymeric OLEDs. The phosphorescent hybrid composites are also prepared with Pt-POP and biocompatible polymers, such as chitosan, poly-l-lysine, BSA, pnipam, and pdadmac. Photoluminescent enhancement of Pt-POP with such polymers is also involved in this study. These hybrid composites are promising materials for biomedical applications such as protein labeling and bioimaging

ANTICONVULSANT PROPERTY OF SYNTHESIZED COMPOUND DHPM-5 IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-convulsant effects of dihydropyrimidinone-5 (DHPM-5) in animal models.Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were used for the study. The test drug and standard drugs were administered once daily for a period of14 days. Maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsion and strychnine induced convulsion models were used for the study. Phenytoin (PHT) andDiazepam were used as standard agents throughout the study.Results and Discussion: Anti-convulsant studies with test drug showed a significant protection in MES induced convulsion models in a dosedependentmanner.Therewasa significant(p&lt;0.05)decreasein the durationoftonichind limb extensionat boththedoses oftestdrug (200mg/kg)inMESmodel. Comparedwiththe controlgroup,treatmentwithtestdrughad nosignificant effecton onset anddurationof convulsionsinthestrychnineinducedseizuremodel. As expected,the animals treatedwith diazepam4mg/kgincreasedonset,durationofconvulsionsand latencytodeathas comparedwith controlgroup.In all groups,all animalshadseizuresand all died.DHPM-5hasan influence on the excitatoryandinhibitoryneurotransmission,of special interestbeing the increasein the gammaamino butyric acid levels.Conclusion: The presence of the chemical constituents gave strength to its anti-convulsant action. However, further research is warranted todetermine the specific mode of its anti-convulsant activity.Keywords: Dihydropyrimidinone-5, Strychnine, Seizure, Neurotoxicity